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It is seen that built-up area in the Kaulagarh, Kargi, Deep Nagar, Indir-apuram and Kawli wards of Dehradun city have experienced more than 30% increase mainly in the South and SouthWest part of the city. The accuracy of Landsat based LSU model was assessed using high resolution LISS IV data and the RMSE was 0.07 and 0.11 respectively for vegetation and built-up fraction classes. The study shows that built-up area of the city has grown about 20 per cent during 2000–2010 which is also identical with the population growth of Dehradun when compared with the Census of India data. In this situation linear spectral unmixing (LSU) is a very useful classification technique because it classifies land use land cover classes by estimating the fractional values of each class. To classify coarse satellite data the traditional supervised and unsupervised techniques are not very useful because of mixed pixels in the classified data and poor accuracy. The study uses multi-temporal Landsat images to monitor the pattern of urban growth of Dehradun. The present study aims to analyse the rapid increase of built-up area in Dehradun city, the capital of Uttarakhand, India. In order to quantify and monitor the spatio-temporal growth of urban areas, remote sensing data and GIS techniques are getting attention for its unparallel utility by the city planners as well as decision makers. The study provides valuable reference in searching for solutions to further promote sustainable urbanization practice globally. The findings from this study suggest that during the surveyed period the Brazil, Russia and India have been engaging a sustainable urbanization practice, whilst the urbanization processes in China and South Africa are unsustainable. The data used for analysis are collected from World Bank database for the period of 1990–2011.
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This paper presents an evaluation on the dynamic sustainability performance during urbanization process in these countries by applying an elastic coefficient method and a new-type McKinsey matrix. These problems present the threats to the sustainable development of urbanization in these countries. However, rapid urbanization has induced various problems, such as air pollution, traffic congestion, habitat destruction, and loss of arable land. Urbanization process has been a significant engine for development in these countries, which has important effect on the sustainable development globally. Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) as the emerging leading powers in the world have great influence on the world development.